Anatomy – MU Sofia Exam preparation

Welcome to your Anatomy

1. Which of the following statements about the epithelial tissue is true?

A. is composed of elongated cells.

B. It contains a large amount of extracellular substance.

C. The cells have excitatory function.

D. It makes up the exocrine and endocrine glands.

2. Which of the following statements about the connective tissue is true?

A. It has a covering function.

B. It contains a small amount of extracellular substance.

C. The cells can produce collagen.

D. The cells are tightly packed.

3. Which of the following statements about the connective tissue is true?

A. The bone tissue provides thermal insulation.

B. The adipose tissue provides body support.

C. makes up the outer coverings of the nerves and blood vessels

D. Blood has a jelly-like extracellular substance

4. Which of the following statements about the muscle tissue is true?

A. It has a covering function.

B. It contains a large amount of extracellular substance.

C. The cells have excitatory function.

D. It makes up the capillaries.

5. Which of the following statements about the skeletal muscle tissue is true?

A. It is composed of muscle fibers.

B. The cells have up to two nuclei.

C. The cells have involuntary control.

D. The tissue makes up the blood vessel wall.

6. Which of the following statements about the smooth muscle tissue is true?

A. The cells have multiple nuclei.

B. The cells have a transverse striation.

C. The cells have voluntary control.

D. The tissue make up the blood vessel wall.

7. Which of the following statements about the cardiac muscle tissue is true?

A. The cells are flat.

B. The cells have a transverse striation.

C. All the cells have only one nucleus.

D. The tissue makes up the wall of hollow internal organs.

8. Which of the following statements about the nervous tissue is true?

A. It has a covering function.

B. Tissue cells produce collagen fibers.

C. It is made up of multinucleated cells.

D. One of the major cell types are glial cells.

9. Which of the following statements about the neuron is true?

A. It can have multiple nuclei.

B. It can produce collagen fibers.

C. It has the properties of excitability and conductivity.

D. It can form the myelin sheath.

10. Which of the following statements about glial cells is true?

A. They cannot divide.

B. They can destroy dead nerve cells.

C. They have the properties of excitability and contraction.

D. They show transverse striation.

11. Which of the following statements about the synapse is true?

A. It is formed between a muscle cell and a glandular cell.

B. It is formed between a nerve cell and a connective tissue cell.

C. It serves to transmit nerve impulses by releasing a mediator.

D. It is formed between glial cells.

12. Which of the following statements about bones is not true?

A. They consist of a dense and spongy bony substance.

B.The bones of adult individuals are more elastiAnswer,,C.

C. Bones are covered on the outside by periosteum.

D. Bones form cavities for the internal organs.

13. Which of the following statements about bones is true?

A. Limb bones are mostly flat.

B. Long bones are found in the spine.

C. part of the pelvic bones are flat bones.

D. The scapula is a short bone.

14. Which of the following statements about the skull is true?

A. The mandible belongs to the neurocranium.

B. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone.

C. The bones of the neurocranium are frontal, parietal, occipital and palatine.

D. The bones of the facial skull are maxilla, vomer, sphenoid.

15. What about the following statements about the spine is true?

A. consists of 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, a sacrum, and a coccyx.

B. The first cervical vertebra is connected to the sphenoid bone.

C. The cervical vertebrae are the largest.

D. The thoracic spine is the least mobile.

16. Which of the following statements about the limb skeleton is true?

A. The humerus is part of the shoulder girdle.

B. The clavicle is a flat bone.

C. The free lower limb consists of the pelvic bones, tibia, fibula, and the bones of the foot.

D. The foot skeleton is composed of 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, and 14phalanges.

17. Which of the following statements about the skeletal muscles is true?

A. The diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvis.

B. The trapezius is a muscle of the abdominal wall.

C. The deltoid muscle is involved in the pelvic girdle movements.

D. The triceps brachii muscle extends the elbow joint.

18. The alimentary canal consists of the following sequential organs:

A. Oral cavity small intestine, stomach, large intestine.

B. Oral cavity, stomach, pharynx, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine.

C. Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

D. Oral cavity, pharynx, small intestine, oesophagus, stomach, large intestine.

19. Which of the following statements about the oral cavity is true?

A. The permanent teeth consist of 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars.

B. Taste receptors are concentrated on the inferior surface of the tongue.

C. The tongue is composed of smooth muscle tissue.

D. The major salivary glands are parotid, submandibular, and lacrimal.

20. Which of the following statements about the stomach is not true?

A. The musculature of the stomach performs peristaltic movements.

B. Gastric juice contains the enzyme trypsin and hydrochloric acid.

C. The gastric mucosa produces a protective mucus.

D. A round muscle, the sphincter, is located at the entrance and exit of the stomach.

21. Which of the following statements about the intestine is true?

A. The terminal part ofthe small intestine is called the duodenum.

B. Secretions of the liver and pancreas empty into the initial part of the large intestine.

C. The appendix is connected to the initial part of the large intestine.

D. The small intestine has a length of 1.5 m.

22. Which of the following statements about the liver and pancreas is true?

A. The pancreas secretes bile juice.

B. The liver is an exocrine and endocrine gland.

C. Pancreatic juice contains the enzymes pepsin, amylase and lipase.

D. Pancreatic juice neutralizes the hydrochloric acid entering from the stomach.

23. Which of the following statements about the upper respiratory tract is not true?

A. The external nose is formed by the maxillary and nasal bones.

B. Behind the nasal cavity is the upper pharynx.

C. The vocal cords are located in the broad upper part of the pharynx.

D. The larynx is located in front of the lowest part of the pharynx.

24. Which of the following statements about the lower respiratory tract is not true?

A. The trachea and bronchi are covered by ciliated epithelium.

B. The trachea is an extension of the pharynx.

C. The wall of the trachea and bronchi contains cartilaginous tissue.

D. The wall of the bronchioles contains smooth muscle tissue.

25. Which of the following statements about the lungs is true?

A. It is a non-paired organ.

B. It is covered on the outside by a thin membrane

C. The right lung is smaller than the left.

D. Gas exchange takes place across the wall of the alveoli.

26. Which of the following statements about the kidneys is true?

A. They are located in the lower part of the thoracic cavity.

B. They are 5 cm long and 2 cm wide.

C. The kidneys are poorly supplied with blood.

D. The main structural unit is the nephron.

27. Which of the following statements about the urinary tract is not true?

A. The ureters are 30 cm long and about 8 mm in diameter.

B. Urine moves down the ureters by peristaltic movements.

C. The bladder has smooth muscle in the wall.

D. The urethra connects the renal pelvis to the bladder.

28. Which of the following statements about the cardiovascular system is true?

A. The pulmonary circuit begins from the left ventricle.

B. The systemic circuit begins from the right ventricle.

C The pulmonary circuit ends with the pulmonary veins.

D. The systemic circuit ends with the pulmonary veins.

29. Which of the following statements about the heart is true?

A. The heart contraction is performed by the inner layer of the heart wall

B. It is cone-shaped, with its apex pointing downward, to the right, and forward.

C. Oxygenated blood flows through the left atrium and ventricle.

D. Specialized cells in the left atrium give rise to cardiac contraction.

30. Which of the following statements about the heart is not true?

A. It is encased by a double-layered sac

B. It consists of four chambers

C. Between the atria and ventricles there are semilunar valves.

D. The middle layer of the heart wall is called the myocardium.

31. Which of the following statements about the heart valves is not true?

A. Ventricular contraction opens the atrioventricular valves.

B. A semilunar valve is located at the origin of the pulmonary artery.

C. Ventricular contraction closes the atrioventricular valves.

D. The right atrioventricular valve is called the tricuspid valve.

32. Which of the following statements about blood vessels is true?

A. Capillaries are made of smooth muscle because of the high velocity of blood in them.

B. Veins carry blood out of the heart.

C. Arteries carry blood out of the heart.

D. Some small size arteries have pocket-like valves.

33. Which of the following statements about blood is not true?

A. Blood plasma makes up 55% of blood volume

B. Blood plasma contains up to 92% water and dissolved proteins, glucose , etc

C. The basic protein of blood clotting is called fibrinogen.

D. Blood serum coagulates because it contains fibrinogen.

34. Which of the following statements about the form elements of blood is true?

A. Erythrocytes have small nuclei and some basic organelles.

B. The normal count of leukocytes per $1mm^3$ of blood is 4000-10 000.

C. Leukocytes contain haemoglobin.

D. Platelets are small cells.

35. Which of the following statements about the immune system is not true?

A. Acquired immunity develops during postnatal development.

B. Viruses and bacteria can be antigens for the immune system.

C. Live vaccines contain bacteria or viruses irradiated with ultraviolet or gamma rays.

D. Autoimmune diseases are associated with immune system hyperactivity.

36. Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is not true?

A. During embryonic development

B. The testis is an external reproductive organ.

C. The testis, epimidymis, and vas deferens are internal reproductive organs.

D. The ejaculate contains 300-600 million sperm cells.

37. Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is true?

A. Maturation of sperm lasts 42 days.

B. The sperm has a body and several processes.

C. The epididymis contains 250-300 lobules.

D. The prostate gland envelops the beginning of the urethra.

38. Which of the following statements about the female reproductive system is not true?

A. Internal reproductive organs are the uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina.

B. About 450 ova mature during a woman's period of sexual maturity.

C. The release of an egg from the ovary is called ovulation.

D. The corpus luteum is formed in the uterus after ovulation.

39. Which ofthe following statements about the female reproductive system is true?

A. The uterus is located in the lesser pelvis in front of the urinary bladder.

B. The uterine wall contains well-developed striated musculature.

C. The fallopian tubes are covered on the inside with ciliated epithelium.

D. The menstrual cycle in a woman is most often 18 days long.

40. Which of the following statements about human embryonic development is not true?

A. Human fertilization is internal.

B. Fertilization most commonly takes place in the fallopian tube.

C. During the first few weeks, the fetus is nourished by the uterine mucosa.

D. The fetal circulation has no direct contact with the maternal circulation.

41. Which of the following statements about human embryonic development is true?

A. Three germ layers form about day 6-7 after fertilization.

B. During the first few weeks

C. After the first month of development

D. The blood circulation of the fetus is connected to the maternal circulation.

42. Which of the following statements about the human central nervous system is true?

A. The CNS consists of the brain and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

B. The brain of a newborn weighs on average 1250 g.

C. After the age of six, the mass of the brain begins to decrease.

D. Inside the brain there are fluid-filled cavities.

43. Which of the following statements about the brain is true?

A. Control centers for circulation and respiration are located in the midbrain.

B. The diencephalon is the middle part of the brain stem.

C. The vagus nerve exits from the midbrain.

D. The midbrain has centers of the systems of vision and hearing.

44. Which of the following statements about the brain is not true?

A. The diencephalon is connected to both hemispheres of the cerebrum.

B. The midbrain consists of two thalami and a hypothalamus.

C. The cerebellum is located behind the brainstem.

D. The grey matter of the medulla oblongata is located inside.

45. Which of the following statements about the cerebrum is not true?

A. The cerebrum makes up 80% of the brain mass.

B. The cerebral cortex consists of gray matter.

C.The cerebral cortex is up to 10 mm thick.

D. At the base of the cerebral hemispheres there is grey matter associated with motor activity.

46. Which of the following statements about the cerebrum is true?

A. The posterior frontal lobe is associated with attention

B. The motor area or voluntary movement area is located in the occipital lobe of the brain.

C. The visual area is located in the frontal lobe of the brain.

D. The general sensory area is located in the anterior parietal lobe of the brain.

47. Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is true?

A. The autonomic nervous system is under voluntary control.

B. The central part of the sympathetic system is located in the brainstem.

C. The central part of the sympathetic system is located in the thoracic spinal cord.

D. The parasympathetic system slows down peristalsis and secretion of the stomach and intestines.

48. Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is not true?

A. The autonomic nervous system innervates internal organs

B. Some functions of the system can be affected by a person's emotional state.

C. The two main parts of the system, sympathetic and parasympathetic,have centers in the CNS.

D. The sympathetic system slows down the heart rate.

49. Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is not true?

A. The pituitary gland is connected to the diencephalon.

B.The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes growth hormone.

C. The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the thyroid glanAnswer

D. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone.

50. Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?

A. The main hormone of the pineal gland is oxytocin.

B. The hormone of the parathyroid glands regulates the calcium content in the blood.

C. The adrenal cortex produces adrenaline.

D. The cells of the islets of Langerhans produce thyroxine.